Archaeological chert artifacts from Atapuerca sites (Burgos, Spain): characterization, causes of decay and selection of compatible consolidating products

Ainara Zornoza-Indart; Paula Lopez-Arce; Lucía López-Polín

doi:10.14568/cp2019037

Autores

Ainara Zornoza-Indart Department of Painting, Faculty of Fine Arts, University of the of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena, s/n, Lejona, 48940, Spain https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1666-6515
Paula Lopez-Arce University College London (UCL), Institute for Environmental Design and Engineering (IEDE), The Bartlett, School of Environment, Energy and Resources, Faculty of the Built Environment, 22 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0QB, United Kingdom; Property Care Association, 11 Ramsay Court Kingfisher Way Hinchingbrooke Business Park, Huntingdon, Cambridgeshire, PE29 6FY, United Kingdom
Lucía López-Polín Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES), Zona Educacional 4, Campus Sescelades Edifici W3, 43007, Tarragona, Spain

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14568/cp2019037

Palavras-chave:

Artefatos arqueológicos de cherte, Consolidação, Nanossílica, Nanopartículas de Ca(OH)2, Resina acrílica, Silicato de etilo

Resumo

Os utensílios de cherte das grutas Galería e Gran Dolina, localizadas no complexo da Sierra de Atapuerca (Burgos, Espanha), foram caracterizados (inspeção macro-visual, fases mineralógicas, grau de cristalinidade, sais solúveis, morfologia da superfície e rugosidade óptica da superfície) e comparadas com amostras de cherte recolhidas na cordilheira de Atapuerca. Os utensílios foram estudados para determinar as causas de deterioração e selecionar os tratamentos de consolidação mais compatíveis. Verificou-se que as amostras contendo exclusivamente quartzo não foram significativamente alteradas e exigiram pouco tratamento de conservação em comparação com as que continham quartzo e moganite, que estavam mais alteradas e pulverulentas, exigindo consolidação. Neste estudo foi avaliada a eficácia dos produtos de consolidação tradicionalmente usados pelos conservadores (resina acrílica e silicato de etila) para preservar os restos de cherte, juntamente com novos produtos baseados em nanopartículas (SiO₂ e uma mistura de nanopartículas de SiO₂ e Ca(OH)₂). As alterações produzidas por estes produtos consolidantes nas propriedades físicas (morfologia e coesão da superfície) e estéticas foram avaliadas por técnicas não destrutivas (teste de descamação, espectrofotometria e rugosidade da superfície óptica), e destrutivas, como SEM e DRX.

Recebido: 2019-10-8
Revisto: 2020-4-1
Aceote: 2020-4-9
Online: 2020-6-29
Publicação: 2021-2-10

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