Towards sustainable management of the World Heritage in Spain: from identification to monitoring of cultural values

Authors

  • Soledad González Arques University of Seville, Department of Architectural History, Composition and Theory, Av. Reina Mercedes, 2, 41012 Seville, España https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4008-4213
  • Marta García-Casasola University of Seville, Department of Architectural History, Composition and Theory, Av. Reina Mercedes, 2, 41012 Seville, España; Instituto Universitario de Arquitectura y Ciencias de la Construcción, Av. Reina Mercedes, 2, 41012 Seville, España https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5308-5322
  • Blanca del Espino Hidalgo Instituto Universitario de Arquitectura y Ciencias de la Construcción, Av. Reina Mercedes, 2, 41012 Seville, España; University of Seville, Department of Urban and Land Planning, Av. Reina Mercedes, 2, 41012 Seville, España https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1442-7385

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14568/cp37915

Keywords:

Outstanding Universal Value, Sustainable conservation, Management plan, Heritage impact assessment, Active protection, Conservation monitoring

Abstract

The management of World Heritage properties has reached a sufficient level of maturity accompanied by increasingly demanding monitoring processes focused on preserving their cultural values. This task is now being tackled, from a sustainable point of view, by involving the public. In the case of Spain, 50 properties have been declared since 1984, giving rise to an unequal situation regarding their management. Heterogeneity, the need to complete the declaration dossiers, concerning outstanding universal values and others, and the difficulty of implementing strategic and operational planning, are the origins of this situation. To address the sustainable management of this heritage and the monitoring of its cultural values, a diagnosis will be made, from the declaration to the implementation of the monitoring processes required by UNESCO, ending with a review of the implementation of management plans in Spain, understood as the tools that guarantee an integral vision of the property.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

UNESCO, Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage (1972), https://whc.unesco.org/archive/convention-en.pdf (accessed 2024-07-22).

Buckley, K., ‘Using keywords to link World Heritage research and practice: observations from the World Heritage Leadership Heritage Place Lab’, Journal of Cultural Heritage Management and Sustainable Development 13(3) (2023) 534-548, https://doi.org/10.1108/JCHMSD-09-2022-0164.

Jo, E., ‘Los planes de gestión’, lecture given at XVII Encuentro de Gestores de Patrimonio Mundial. “Managing World Heritage - Tools and resources” (15-17 November 2023), Ministerio de Cultura y Deporte, Madrid, (2023) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M1lyruzQnp0&list=PLmAw6SZis81Jk3NsFD8_FD_b2z5RYWVff&index=4 (accessed 2024-07-22).

Landorf, C., ‘A framework for sustainable heritage management: a study of UK industrial heritage sites’, International Journal of Heritage Studies 15(6) (2009), 494-510, https://doi.org/10.1080/13527250903210795.

UNESCO, The Budapest Declaration on World Heritage, World Heritage Centre, Paris (2002), https://whc.unesco.org/en/documents/1334 (accessed 2024-07-22).

Mateja Šmid Hribar, M.; Bole, D.; Pipan, P., ‘Sustainable heritage management: social, economic and other potentials of culture in local development’, Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences 188 (2015) 103-110, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.03.344.

Pereira Roders, A.; Van Oers, R.,‘World Heritage cities management’, Facilities 29(7/8) (2011) 276-285, https://doi.org/10.1108/02632771111130898.

Council of Europe, Framework Convention on the Value of Cultural Heritage for Society, Council of Europe Treaty Series 199, Faro (2005), https://www.coe.int/en/web/conventions/full-list?module=treaty-detail&treatynum=199 (accessed 2024-11-11).

Deacon, H.; Smeets, R., ‘Authenticity, value and community involvement in heritage management under the World Heritage and intangible heritage conventions’, Heritage & Society 6(2) (2013) 129-143, https://doi.org/10.1179/2159032X13Z.0000000009.

Ripp, M.; Rodwell, D., ‘Governance in UNESCO World Heritage Sites: reframing the role of management plans as a tool to improve community engagement’, in Aspects of Management Planning for Cultural World Heritage Sites, ed. S. Makuvaza, Springer, Cham (2018) 241-253, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69856-4_18.

Kyriakidis, E., A community empowerment approach to heritage management: From values assessment to local engagement, Taylor & Francis, London (2020), https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429429361.

Tenzer, M., ‘Social landscape characterisation: a people-centred, place-based approach to inclusive and transparent heritage and landscape management’, International Journal of Heritage Studies 30(3) (2023) 269-284, https://doi.org/10.1080/13527258.2023.2289424.

Fredheim, L. H.; Khalaf, M., ‘The significance of values: heritage value typologies re-examined’, International Journal of Heritage Studies, 22(6) (2016) 466-481, https://doi.org/10.1080/13527258.2016.1171247.

Quintero, V., ‘La participación en patrimonio y sus protagonistas. Límites, contradicciones y oportunidades’, Revista PH Instituto Andaluz del Patrimonio Histórico 101 (2020) 122-145, https://doi.org/10.33349/2020.101.4687.

UNESCO, Monitoring World Heritage, World heritage series: papers 10. World Heritage Centre, Paris (2010), https://whc.unesco.org/en/series/10/.

UNESCO; ICCROM; ICOMOS; IUCN, Guidance on the Preparation of retrospective Statements of Outstanding Universal Value for World Heritage Properties, IUCN (2010), https://www.iucn.org/sites/default/files/import/downloads/whouven.pdf (accessed 2024-07-24).

Court, S.; Jo, E.; Mackay, R.; Murai, M.; Therivel, R., Guidance and Toolkit for impact assessments in a World Heritage Context, eds. L. Frank, E. Jo, UNESCO, ICCROM, ICOMOS, IUCN (2022), https://whc.unesco.org/en/guidance-toolkit-impact-assessments/ (accessed 2024-07-22).

Fernández Salinas, V., ‘La protección del Patrimonio Mundial en España’, E-RPH 2 (2008) 36-65, https://doi.org/10.30827/erph.32.2023.28830.

UNESCO, Managing Historic Cities, World heritage series: papers 27. World Heritage Centre, Paris (2010), https://whc.unesco.org/en/series/27/.

Contin, M. I., ‘Paisajes culturales y patrimonio mundial’, Anales Del Instituto de Arte Americano e Investigaciones Estéticas 52(1) (2022) 15-26, https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=8453012.

Tresserras Juan, J., ‘Antecedentes y primeros pasos ante la ratificación de España en 1982 de la Convención del Patrimonio Mundial’, Revista PH 107 (2022) 142-167, https://doi.org/10.33349/2022.107.5200.

Ciudades Patrimonio de la Humanidad, https://www.ciudadespatrimonio.org/ (accessed 2024-07-22).

UNESCO; ICCROM; ICOMOS; IUCN, Enhancing our Heritage Toolkit 2.0: Assessing Management Effectiveness of World Heritage Properties and Other Heritage Places (2023), https://doi.org/10.58337/HBZY1376.

Pereira Roders, A.; Van Oers, R., ‘Guidance on heritage impact assessments. Learning from its application on World Heritage site management’, Journal of Cultural Heritage Management and Sustainable Development 2(2) (2012) 104-114, https://doi.org/10.1108/20441261211273671.

Smith, L., Uses of Heritage, Routledge, London (2006), https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203602263.

Fouseki, K., Heritage dynamics. Understanding and adapting to change in diverse heritage contexts. UCL Press, London (2022), https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv2f4v5q0.

Tarrafa Silva, A.; Pereira Roders, A., ‘Cultural heritage management and heritage (impact) assessments’, in Joint CIB W070, W092 & TG72 International Conference on Facilities Management, Procurement Systems and Public Private Partnership, Cape Town (2012), https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323783537_Cultural_Heritage_Management_and_Heritage_Impact_Assessments (accessed 2024-11-11).

Martínez Pino, J., ‘The new holistic paradigm and the sustainability of historic cities in Spain: an approach based on the World Heritage cities’, Sustainability 10(7) (2018), https://doi.org/10.3390/su10072301.

Ishizawa, M.; Jo, E., ‘Guest editorial: Towards practice-led research agendas for World Heritage properties’, Journal of Cultural Heritage Management and Sustainable Development 13(3) (2023) 405-411, https://doi.org/10.1108/JCHMSD-08-2023-217.

Jokilehto, J., The World Heritage list: What is OUV? Defining the outstanding universal value of cultural world heritage properties, ICOMOS, Berlin (2008), https://openarchive.icomos.org/id/eprint/435/.

Ringbeck, B., ‘The World Heritage Convention and Its Management Concept’, in Aspects of Management Planning for Cultural World Heritage Sites. Principles, Approaches and Practices, ed. Springer, Cham (2018) 15-24.

UNESCO, Reporting and monitoring, https://whc.unesco.org/en/118/ (accessed 2024-11-11).

UNESCO, Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention, World Heritage Centre, Paris (2023), https://whc.unesco.org/document/203803 (accessed 2024-07-22).

UNESCO, State of conservation of World Heritage properties. A statistical analysis (1979-2013), World Heritage Centre, Paris (2014), https://whc.unesco.org/document/134872 (accessed 2024-07-22).

UNESCO, State of Conservation Information System (SOC), https://whc.unesco.org/en/soc (accessed 2024-07-22).

ICOMOS, Guidance on Heritage Impact Assessments for Cultural World, Heritage Properties, ICOMOS, Paris (2011), https://openarchive.icomos.org/id/eprint/266/ (accessed 2024-09-01).

García Martínez, E.; Díaz-Sierra, R., ‘El patrimonio cultural en las evaluaciones de impacto ambiental’, Ge-Conservacion 23(1) (2023) 18-27, https://doi.org/10.37558/gec.v23i1.1148.

UNESCO, Convention concerning the protection of the world cultural and natural heritage. World Heritage Committee Twenty-second session, Kyoto, Japan (30 November-5 December 1998), World Heritage Centre, Paris (1999), https://whc.unesco.org/archive/1998/whc-98-conf203-18e.pdf (accessed 2024-09-01).

UNESCO, Methodology and procedures for periodic reporting. World Heritage Committee Twenty-second session, Kyoto Japan (30 November-5 December 1998), World Heritage Centre, Paris (1998), https://whc.unesco.org/en/documents/142 (accessed 2024-09-01).

UNESCO, Periodic reporting: a handbook for site managers, World Heritage Centre, Paris (2018), https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000265281 (accessed 2024-09-01).

UNESCO, Decision 7 EXT.COM 7.1. World Heritage Committee 7th Extraordinary Session, Paris France, (6 - 11 December 2004), World Heritage Centre, Paris (2005), https://whc.unesco.org/en/decisions/55/ (accessed 2024-09-01).

UNESCO, Reflection on the preparation of the next cycle of Periodic Reporting. World Heritage Committee 32nd session, Quebec City (2-10 July 2008), World Heritage Centre, Paris (2008), https://whc.unesco.org/en/decisions/1746/ (accessed 2024-09-01).

UNESCO, Understanding World Heritage in Europe and North America: final report on the second cycle of periodic reporting 2012-2015, World heritage series: papers 43, World Heritage Centre, Paris (2016), https://whc.unesco.org/en/series/43/.

UNESCO, Final Report on the Results of the Second Cycle of the Periodic Reporting Exercise for the Europe Region and Action Plan. World Heritage Committee 39th session, Bonn Germany (28 June - 8 July 2015), World Heritage Centre, Paris (2015), https://whc.unesco.org/en/decisions/6204/ (accessed 2024-09-01).

ICCROM; ICOMOS; IUCN, Managing cultural world heritage (2013), https://whc.unesco.org/document/125839 (accessed 2024-09-01).

Ministero per i Beni e le Attività Culturali, ‘Il modello del Piano di Gestione dei Beni Culturali iscritti alla lista del Patrimonio dell’Umanità’, Commisione Nazionale Siti UNESCO e Sistemi Turistici Locali, Paestum (2004), https://unesco.cultura.gov.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Linee-guida-maggio-2004-pdf.pdf (accessed 2024-11-11).

Legge 20 febbraio 2006, n. 77, ‘Misure speciali di tutela e fruizione dei siti e degli elementi italiani di interesse culturale, paesaggistico e ambientale, inseriti nella “lista del patrimonio mondiale”, posti sotto la tutela dell'UNESCO’, Gazzetta Ufficiale 58 (2006), https://lazio.cultura.gov.it/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/L77_06_aggiornata-_17.pdf (accessed 2024-11-11).

Piccolo, F.; Leone, D., ‘Los planes de gestión de la UNESCO y sus relaciones con la planificación en Italia’, Ciudad y Territorio, Estudios Territoriales 45(176) (2013) 449-453, https://recyt.fecyt.es/index.php/CyTET/article/view/76223 (accessed 2024-11-11).

Zan, L., Heritage sites in contemporary China: cultural policies and management practices, Routledge, New York (2018).

Shepherd, R. J., ‘UNESCO’s tangled web of preservation: community, heritage and development in China’, Journal of Contemporary Asia 47(4) (2017) 557-574, https://doi.org/10.1080/00472336.2017.1296174.

Genealogy (from top to bottom) of the evolution of World Heritage management on the international scene (on the left), listing international reference charters and texts (1st column) and the guidelines and tools developed within UNESCO (2nd and 3rd columns), in relation to what has happened in Spain

Downloads

Published

2025-01-04

How to Cite

González Arques, S., García-Casasola, M., & del Espino Hidalgo, B. (2025). Towards sustainable management of the World Heritage in Spain: from identification to monitoring of cultural values. Conservar Património. https://doi.org/10.14568/cp37915

Issue

Section

In press